Assessing the Correlates of Attachment Styles, Family Dynamics and Impulsivity on Relapse Rate Among Substance-Dependents in a Rehabilitation Center in Abuja

Abstract

Relapse remains a major challenge in the treatment of Substance Use Disorder (SUD), particularly in Nigeria where rising substance use and psychosocial stressors undermine recovery outcomes. This study investigated the correlates of attachment styles, family dynamics, and impulsivity on relapse rate among substance-dependent individuals in a rehabilitation in Abuja, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. The population comprises of 354 individuals receiving treatment in Karu General Hospital rehabilitation center. Data were collected using standardized instruments assessing impulsivity, attachment styles, family dynamics, and relapse. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and mediation analysis with SPSS (Version 27). Findings revealed that attentional impulsivity had a strong positive relationship with relapse (r = .710, p < .01) while, motor impulsivity showed a weak but significant relationship (r = .173, p < .01). Non-planning impulsivity was not significant (r = .027, p > .05). Attachment styles were significantly associated with relapse (r = .754, p < .01). Family dynamics also showed strong relationships with relapse: cohesion (r = .639), flexibility (r = .625), communication (r = .637), and satisfaction (r = .578), all p < .01. The study concludes that relapse is influenced by both impulsivity and family dynamics, and recommended integrated psychological and family-based interventions to improve recovery outcomes.